《化工厂危险程度分级》在大化肥厂的应用

评述１９９０ 年以后以天然气为原料的川化集团公司大化肥厂，利用化工部青岛劳保所开发的《化工厂危险程度分级》方法开展安全评价，并对评价出的潜在危险采取了安全措施，从而有效地提高了工厂的安全可靠性。在运用该评价方法时，一是将《分级》中安全管理等级的评定部分增加了评定内容，使之更符合工厂客观实际；二是将固有危险等级评价的手工处理和计算部分编制成计算机软件，提高了评价工效     

加油站油气扩散与回收效果的数值分析

加油站排放出的油气是有毒有害的气体。目前控制油品蒸发损耗的有效方法是采用油气回收系统。基于湍流模式理论，采用FLUENT软件，模拟加油站在使用油气回收系统前后空气中油气浓度分布情况及风对油气扩散的影响，得到油气浓度等值面图、直线及点上浓度变化曲线图。模拟结果表明，实施油气回收，其大气净化率可高达95％以上，因此明显减小加油站火灾隐患及环境污染，并可减少经济损失及节约加油站占地面积。另外，风对油气扩散稀释有明显的影响，如距排放口下风侧5 m处，相对于风速１ m/s，风速为5、8 m/s时的大气净化率分别为54％、71％。虽然无法降低油气排放总量，但是随着风速的增加大气净化率随之变大，可以减少油气浓度值过高造成的危害。     

集于AutoCAD的采空区风火瓦斯耦合软件开发研究

为便于矿山管理人员操作使用,清晰了解采空区内空气流动的状态及各气体组分的浓度分布,防火防瓦斯耦合措施效果,同时考虑到基于绘图功能强大的AutoCAD及CFD技术开发了适合采空区的风火瓦斯耦合模拟软件,提供了采空区绘制、通风、注氮、闭墙、瓦斯钻孔、漏风源汇等图元,可对采空区流场进行数值模拟分析,优化通风参数,降低采空区自然发火的可能,并能优化矿山防瓦斯防灭火方案,对矿山的安全管理采空区具有指导意义。     

基于 Fl ue nt 的压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾比较分析

利用Fluent软件分别对压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾进行了数值模拟,并对二者的内部流场进行了比较分析,另外,还比较了相同截面距离下二者的雾滴粒径大小,实验结果表明,相对于常规喷雾降尘,采用压气水自吸风喷雾降尘的效果要更好。     

我国天然气风险及评价方法分析

为有效促进天然气行业朝着更加安全的方向发展,对天然气风险及其相关的风险评价方法进行深入分析,总结出我国天然气开采、运输及使用过程中的输送管道风险、液化天然气风险、输气站场风险、勘探开发风险、钻井工程风险和地下储气库风险,并归纳出这六大类风险相对应的风险评价研究内容、产生风险的原因、风险评价方法等。可以看出,我国天然气的风险评价主要集中在管道风险评价方面,且缺乏系统、详细的统计资料,因此,急需建立相应的数据库,采用多种评价方法相结合,开发天然气风险评价软件和探寻有效的应急救援措施,以利于我国天然气风险管理。     

Numerical simulation study of dust concentration distribution regularity in cavern stope

Based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow and the characteristics of cavern stope a model of dust migration was established. The dust concentration changing of cavern stope by ventilation in 20 min after blasting and the dust trajectory in different wind speed were simulated by Fluent Software. The results show that distribution of dust concentration is significantly affected by flow field of airway in cavern, and the dust concentration of inlet is higher than that of outlet and the highest one on the corner of inlet’s side. In the stope, the smaller the wind speed of inlet is, the shorter of dust can be captured, settled and discharged, the more obviously affected by the trajectory of gas flow field. It goes into the stage of clean cycle emissions after 60 s, the speed of dust concentration dropped is the biggest between 0 s and 70 s, the main dust in stope is respirable dust after 70 s, it needs much time to settlement.According to the measured data of metal mining, approximately 87% of dust was generated during the drilling and blasting in the mine (Wang, 1979). A lot of dust with high concentrations was produced during the cavern stope blasting and it was difficult to be discharged. It can help choose the right speed to rule out the dust quickly which produced during cavern blasting, if the dust concentration distribution and the dust migration law of different inlet velocity in the cavern can be verified, what’s more, the labor productivity can be increased. It has great significance for choosing reasonable ventilation parameters, reducing dust hazards of stope to researching the dust concentration distribution regularity in the stope.     

Sensitivity analysis of Phast’s atmospheric dispersion model for three toxic materials (nitric oxide, ammonia, chlorine)

We present the results of a parametric sensitivity analysis of a widely used model for atmospheric dispersion of toxic gases, in order better to understand the influence of user-adjustable parameters on model outputs. We have studied 60 min continuous release scenarios for three different products (nitric oxide, ammonia and chlorine), chosen to cover a range of physical characteristics and storage conditions. For each product, we have broken down base-case scenarios into a number of sub-scenarios corresponding to different release conditions which determine physical phenomena (flow rate, release angle, release elevation and atmospheric stability class). The use of statistical tools to analyze the results of a large number of model executions allows us to rank model parameters according to their influence on the variability of a number of model outputs (distances and concentrations), on a per-scenario and per-product basis. Analysis of the results allows us to verify our understanding of the modeling of cloud dispersion.     

PCS7控制系统在干式脉冲反吹除尘中的应用

以韶钢3^#高炉煤气布袋除尘为例,从工艺简介、硬件配置、软件组态等方面详细介绍了PCS7控制系统在煤气干式脉冲反吹除尘中的应用。     

工业企业电气安全评价方法研究

针对现行电气安全评价方法存在的不足,提出了工业企业电气安全模糊综合评价方法.依据事故理论的综合论观点,建立了多层次电气安全评价因素体系;采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP)确定评价因素的权重;采用隶属频率统计法确定单因素隶属度;最后应用多层次模糊综合评判模型合成评价结果,并使用安全等级特征量对模糊综合评价结果进行处理,得出工业企业电气系统的安全等级.结果表明,将模糊综合评价方法引入工业企业电气安全现状评价具有一定的现实意义,克服了现行评价方法不够全面或不够定量的缺点;安全等级模糊特征量是处理模糊综合评价结果更优化的方法;该评价方法紧密结合企业现状,可在一般工业企业的电气安全评价中广泛应用,其配套评价软件更为企业安全管理部门和安全评价机构提供了便捷的应用工具.     

BP和Elman神经网络在砂土液化预测中的研究

基于砂土液化的影响因素具有非线性关系,而神经网络模型能够逼近任意非线性函数和适合于动态系统辨识的特性,分别建立输入层为4,隐含层神经元为2,输出层为1的三层BP神经网络和Elman网络,并且通过matlab软件运算,实例比较得出Elman模型比BP模型收敛速度快、精度高,在砂土液化的预测中效果更好。